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4 Bluetooth use cases

The following Bluetooth Low Energy use case, show some functionality to get started with GATT client, GATT server and SPS.

u-connectXpress BLE default values	2.0.0
BLE Mode default	ON, Central and Peripheral (3)
BLE Advertising default	OFF, enable with `AT+UBTA=1`

The following examples use the MAC address below, this must be replaced by the real MAC address of the devices that are used.

Peripheral MAC address: AAAAAAAAAAAA
Central MAC address: BBBBBBBBBBB

4.1 Bluetooth GATT client

This use case configures NORA-W36 as a Central device that operates as a GATT client and receives data.
This use case configuration is used in combination with Bluetooth GATT server.

Nr	Instructions	AT command	AT event
1	Check that Bluetooth Central is enabled. 1: Central or 3: Central and Peripheral. If so jump to step 6.	`AT+UBTM?`	`+UBTM:1` or `+UBTM:3`
2	Enable Bluetooth 1: Central or 3: Central and Peripheral	`AT+UBTM=1` or `AT+UBTM=3`
3	Store command	`AT&W`
4	Restart	`AT+CPWROFF`
5	Wait for NORA-W36 to startup		`+STARTUP`
6	Connect to remote device	`AT+UBTC=AAAAAAAAAAAAp`	`+UEBTC:0,AAAAAAAAAAAAp`
7	Discover Services and look for 180D, which is the descriptor for the Heart Rate service.	`AT+UBTGPSD=0`	`+UBTGPSD:0,12,65535,180D`
8	Discover all Service Characteristics and look for 2A37, which is the descriptior for the Heart Rate Measurement characteristics.	`AT+UBTGSCD=0,12,65535`	`+UBTGSCD:0,13,10,14,2A37`
9	Use the Value handle, which in this case is 14. The value can vary. Look for 2902, which is the descriptor for the notification.	`AT+UBTGCDD=0,14,15`	`+UBTGCDD:0,13,15,2902`
10	Enable notification on the GATT Client the Central in this example	`AT+UBTGCCW=0,15,1`
11	Notification is received on the GATT Client		`+UEBTGCN:0,14,60` `+UEBTGCN:0,14,61` `+UEBTGCN:0,14,62`

4.2 Bluetooth GATT server

This use case configures NORA-W36 as a Peripheral device that operates as GATT server and sends notifications.
This configuration works in combination with Bluetooth GATT client.

Nr	Instructions	AT command	AT event
1	Check that Bluetooth Peripheral is enabled 2: Peripheral and 3: Central and Peripheral. If so jump to step 6.	`AT+UBTM?`	`+UBTM:2` or `+UBTM:3`
2	Enable Bluetooth 2: Peripheral or 3: Central and Peripheral	`AT+UBTM=2` or `AT+UBTM=3`
3	Store command	`AT&W`
4	Restart	`AT+CPWROFF`
5	Wait for NORA-W36 to start		`+STARTUP`
6	Enable Advertisements to allow connections	`AT+UBTA=1`
7	Write the Heart Rate service	`AT+UBTGS=180D`	`+UBTGS:21`
8	Write the GATT characteristic	`AT+UBTGC=2A37,3A,01,01,00`	`+UBTGC:30,31`
9	Activate GATT Service	`AT+UBTGSA`
10	Wait for incoming Bluetooth connection		`+UEBTC:0,BBBBBBBBBBB`
11	Get the MTU for the connection (optional)	`AT+UBTCST=0,3`	`+UBTCST:3,247`
12	Get the Role for the connection (optional)	`AT+UBTCST=0,7`	`+UBTCST:7,1`
13	Send a notification from the GATT Server using the value handle	`AT+UBTGNS=0,14,60` `AT+UBTGNS=0,14,61` `AT+UBTGNS=0,14,62`

4.3 Bluetooth SPS central

This use case configures NORA-W36 as a Central device that sends and receives data from another NORA-W36 module operating as a Peripheral device. The communication between the two modules is facilitated using the proprietary u-blox Serial Port Service. It is also possible to connect to other devices that supports the SPS protocol. This use case operates in combination with Bluetooth SPS peripheral.

Nr	Instructions	AT command	AT event
1	Check that Bluetooth Central is enabled. 1:Central or 3:Central and Peripheral. If so, jump to step 6.	`AT+UBTM?`	`+UBTM:1` or `+UBTM:3`
2	Enable Bluetooth 1:Central or 3:Central and Peripheral	`AT+UBTM=1` or `AT+UBTM=3`
3	Store command	`AT&W`
4	Restart	`AT+CPWROFF`
5	Wait for NORA-W36 to start		`+STARTUP`
6	Initiate Bluetooth discovery. Listen for advertising packets broadcast from Peripheral device.	`AT+UBTD`	`+UBTD:AAAAAAAAAAAAp,-52,"NORA-W36-AAAAAA",0,10094E4F52412D5733362D414141414141`
7	Connect Bluetooth	`AT+UBTC=AAAAAAAAAAAAp`	`+UEBTC:0,AAAAAAAAAAAAp`
8	Read MTU, maximum data size	`AT+UBTCST=0,3`	`+UBTCST:3,247`
9	Read RSSI (optional)	`AT+UBTRSS=0`	`+UBTRSS:-52`
10	Connect SPS using handle of Bluetooth connection	`AT+USPSC=0`
11	SPS connection is up		`+UESPSC:0`
12	It is now possible to send and receive SPS data in String or Binary mode
13	Disconnect the SPS and Bluetooth connection	`AT+UBTDC=0`	`+UESPSDC:0` `+UEBTDC:0`

4.4 Bluetooth SPS peripheral

This use case configures NORA-W36 module as a Peripheral device that sends and receives data from another NORA-W36 module operating as a Central device. The communication between the two modules is facilitated using the proprietary u-blox Serial Port Service. It is also possible to connect to other devices that support the SPS protocol. This use case configuration is used in combination with Bluetooth SPS central.

Nr	Instructions	AT command	AT events
1	Check that Bluetooth Peripheral is enabled. 2: Peripheral and 3: Central and Peripheral. If so, jump to step 6	`AT+UBTM?`	`+UBTM:2` or `+UBTM:3`
2	Enable Bluetooth 2: Peripheral or 3: Central and Peripheral	`AT+UBTM=2` or `AT+UBTM=3`
3	Store command	`AT&W`
4	Restart	`AT+CPWROFF`
5	Wait for NORA-W36 to startup		`+STARTUP`
6	Enable SPS on Peripheral	`AT+USPS=1`
7	Enable Advertisements	`AT+UBTA=1`
8	Peripheral receives Incoming Bluetooth connection		`+UEBTC:0,BBBBBBBBBBBBp`
9	Read MTU, maximum data size on both	`AT+UBTCST=0,3`	`+UBTCST:3,247`
10	Read RSSI (optional)	`AT+UBTRSS=0`	`+UBTRSS:-52`
11	Central Connect SPS using handle of Bluetooth connection	`AT+USPSC=0`	`+UESPSC:0`
12	It is now possible to send and receive SPS data in String or Binary mode
13	SPS and Bluetooth link is down		`+UESPSDC:0` `+UEBTDC:0`

4.5 Bluetooth advertise

This use case configures NORA-W36 as a peripheral device that operates as a GATT client and receives data.
This use case configuration is used in combination with Apple iPhone using the The Apple Notification Center Service (ANCS).

Nr	Instructions	AT command	AT event
1	Check that Bluetooth Peripheral is enabled 2: Peripheral and 3: Central and Peripheral. If so, jump to step 6.	`AT+UBTM?`	`+UBTM:2` or `+UBTM:3`
2	Enable Bluetooth 2: Peripheral or 3: Central and Peripheral	`AT+UBTM=2` or `AT+UBTM=3`
3	Store command	`AT&W`
4	Restart	`AT+CPWROFF`
5	Wait for NORA-W36 to start		`+STARTUP`
6	Set Apple ANCS Advertise data packet	`AT+UBTAD=1115D0002D121E4B0FA4994ECEB531F40579`
7	Enable Advertisements	`AT+UBTA=1`
8	Peripheral receives Incoming Bluetooth connection		`+UEBTC:0,BBBBBBBBBBBBp`
9	Discover Services and look for 180A that is the Device Information	`AT+UBTGPSD=0`	`+UBTGPSD:0,1,5,1800` `+UBTGPSD:0,6,9,1801` `+UBTGPSD:0,10,14,180A` `+UBTGPSD:0,15,19,D0611E78BBB44591A5F8487910AE4366` `+UBTGPSD:0,20,24,9FA480E0496745429390D343DC5D04AE` `+UBTGPSD:0,25,28,180F` `+UBTGPSD:0,29,34,1805` `+UBTGPSD:0,35,44,7905F431B5CE4E99A40F4B1E122D00D0` `+UBTGPSD:0,45,56,89D3502B0F36433A8EF4C502AD55F8DC`
10	Discover all Service Characteristics and look for the attribute 2A29, which describes the Manufacturer Name String characteristics	`AT+UBTGSCD=0,10,14`	`+UBTGSCD:0,11,02,12,2A29` `+UBTGSCD:0,13,02,14,2A24`
11	Read the Manufacturer Name String Apple Inc. characteristics on handle 12	`AT+UBTGR=0,12`	`+UBTGR:0,12,4170706C6520496E632E` (Apple Inc.)

4.6 Bluetooth security

Pairing

Pairing is the initial process where two Bluetooth devices exchange information necessary to establish an encrypted connection
During pairing, devices negotiate security parameters, such as encryption keys and authentication methods
It ensures that communication between devices remains confidential and secure Think of pairing as the handshake that sets the foundation for a secure link

Bonding

Bonding occurs after successful pairing
It involves storing the information from the pairing process on both devices
Once bonded, devices remember each other’s security credentials (keys) for future reconnections
Bonding eliminates the need to repeat the pairing process every time the devices reconnect
Essentially, bonding creates a permanent security relationship between the devices

In summary

Pairing: Establishes the initial secure connection
Bonding: Ensures that the devices remember each other’s security details for subsequent interactions
Remember, these processes are essential for maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of data exchanged over Bluetooth connections

4.7 Bluetooth security initiator

Bluetooth Security is by disabled default and must be configured and enabled before use.

Nr	Instructions	AT command	AT event
1	Set Bluetooth I/O Capabilities to Display Yes/No (2)	`AT+UBTIOC=2`
2	Set Only allow authenticated bonding with encrypted Bluetooth link (3)	`AT+UBTBSM=3`
3	Allow Pairing	`AT+UBTPM=1`
4	Bluetooth Bond	`AT+UBTB=BBBBBBBBBBBBp`
5	Bluetooth Connected event		`+UEBTC:0,BBBBBBBBBBBBp`
6	Bluetooth User Confirmation event, check the numer on both devices, should be the same		`+UEBTUC:BBBBBBBBBBBBp,786920`
7	Bluetooth User Confirmation, confim with yes	`AT+UBTUC=BBBBBBBBBBBBp,1`
8	Bluetooth Bond success		`+UEBTB:BBBBBBBBBBBBp,0`
9	Bluetooth Bonded Devices List (optional)	`AT+UBTBDL`	`+UBTBDL:BBBBBBBBBBBBp`

4.8 Bluetooth security responder

Bluetooth Security is by disabled default and must be configured and enabled before use.

Nr	Instructions	AT command	AT event
1	Check that Bluetooth Peripheral is enabled, 2: Peripheral or 3: Central and Peripheral, if so move to step 6	`AT+UBTM?`	`+UBTM:2` or `+UBTM:3`
2	Enable Bluetooth 2: Central or 3: Central and Peripheral	`AT+UBTM=1` or `AT+UBTM=3`
3	Store command	`AT&W`
4	Restart	`AT+CPWROFF`
5	Wait for NORA-W36 to startup		`+STARTUP`
6	Enable Advertisements	`AT+UBTA=1`
7	Set Bluetooth I/O Capabilities to Display Yes/No (2)	`AT+UBTIOC=2`
8	Set Only allow authenticated bonding with encrypted Bluetooth link (3)	`AT+UBTBSM=3`
9	Allow Pairing	`AT+UBTPM=1`
10	Bluetooth Connected event		`+UEBTC:0,AAAAAAAAAAAAp`
11	Bluetooth User Confirmation event, check the numer on both devices, should be the same		`+UEBTUC:AAAAAAAAAAAAp,786920`
12	Bluetooth User Confirmation, confim with yes	`AT+UBTUC=AAAAAAAAAAAAp,1`
13	Bluetooth Bond success		`+UEBTB:AAAAAAAAAAAAp,0`
14	Bluetooth Bonded Devices List (optional)	`AT+UBTBDL`	`+UBTBDL:AAAAAAAAAAAAp`